Arrival in Africa begins in August and peaks in October (Hayman et al. Mali, Nigeria and Chad (Smit and Piersma 1989)) also cross the Sahara (del Hoyo et al. 1996), those birds wintering in Sahel and northern savanna zones (e.g. The movements of this species are characterised by long flights between staging areas (such as the Wadden Sea, Dutch delta region, southern Hungary, south-east Greece, central Turkey, the Black and Caspian Seas, central Kazakhstan, Lake Baikal, Chang Lake (Ussuriland), central Yakutia, Sakhalin, Japan and Korea) (del Hoyo et al. Females begin to moving south in early-June, the males following during July, and juveniles migrating from August to September (del Hoyo et al. On passage to its wintering grounds the majority of the species travels overland on a broad front, although there is also an important route down the west coast of Europe (Smit and Piersma 1989, del Hoyo et al. 1996), breeding in the subarctic and arctic zone of Fennoscandia and Siberia (Smit and Piersma 1989). 1986, Smit and Piersma 1989, del Hoyo et al. Behaviour This species is a full migrant (Hayman et al.
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